Geografy Peru
The geography of Peru is as beautiful and diverse as the country itself is. Peru is located in Western South America between coordinates 10°00′ S and 76°00′ W. Peru borders Brazil and Bolivia the east, Ecuador and Colombia in the north, Chile in the east and south, and the South Pacific Ocean in the west. Peru has a total geographical area of 1,285,216 sq km, and is the 18th largest nation in the world.
Though Peru is a predominantly mountainous, the country can be divided into three main geographical zones - the coast, the mountains, and the Amazon rainforest. The coastal region in the west is a narrow plain consisting of large tracts of deserts dotted with fertile valleys, while the Andes dominate the Peruvian topography. The Amazon rainforest area lies between the Andes and the eastern border with Brazil.
The Peruvian coastline features amazing deserts, beautiful beaches and fertile valleys. The popular topographic features of Peruvian coast include Sechura Desert, the Atacama Desert and the Nazca Plains. The mountainous area of Peru is dominated by the Andes, where Mt Huascaran rises up to 6,768 meters. You’ll find hundreds of permanently glaciated snow-covered peaks and valleys; many beautiful lakes, including Lake Titicaca (3,809 m); as well as a unique and diverse flora and fauna in the Peruvian Andes. The vast tropical forest in the Amazon River Basin is other major geographical feature of Peru, covering approximately 63 percent area of the country.
Peru enjoys a varied climate, and the Andes and the cold Humboldt Current are the major determining factors of Peruvian climate. On visit to Peru, you’ll find hot and humid tropical climate in Amazon area, mild and pleasant temperate climate in the coastal region, hot and dry desert climate in western Peru, as well as temperate to frigid climate in the Andes Mountains.
Modern Pisac is a picturesque Andean Village, typical except for the huge, spreading pisonary tree that dominates the central square. The village is best known for its Sunday market, which draws hundreds of tourists each week. In spite of its popularity the market retains much of its local charm, at least in the part where villagers from miles around gather to barter and sell their produce. In the tourist section of the market you can buy a wide variety of handicrafts - mostly the same things you see in Cusco. Many of the guide books state that handicrafts are cheaper than Cusco but in recent years I haven’t noticed much difference in price. My advice is if you like something in Cusco, buy it! And likewise in Pisac. Don’t wait around hoping you’ll find it a few dollars cheaper elsewhere. Pisac is a good place to buy the local ceramics including a huge and varied collection of hand-painted multi-colored beads. There are smaller markets in Pisac on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
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A vital Inca road once snaked its way up the canyon that enters the Urubamba Valley at Pisac. The citadel, at the entrance to this gorge, now in ruins, controlled a route which connected the Inca Empire with Paucartambo, on the border of the eastern jungles. Set high above a valley floor patchworked by patterned fields and rimmed by vast terracing, the stonework and panoramas at Pisac’s Inca citadel are magnificent. Terraces, water ducts and steps have been cut out of solid rock, and in the upper sector of the ruins, the main Sun Temple is equal of anything at Machu Picchu. Above the temple lie still more ruins, mostly unexcavated, and among the higher crevices and rocky overhangs several ancient burial sites are hidden
Most people visit Pisac to see the market on Sunday, but there are smaller markets on both Tuesday and Thursday. However Pisac is a pretty village and has plenty of small handicraft shops and is worth a visit on any day of the week. There are local buses departing from Cusco every 15 minutes for the one hour ride to Pisac village. Local buses cost about US$1 each way. A taxi can be hired for about US$10 each way. There is no public transport up to the ruins. You can either hike up, starting from the plaza (allow two hours round trip). Alternatively you can negotiate with a local taxi driver to take you there (about 20 minutes following a long winding road) and either return by taxi or walk down hill to the plaza. (A local taxi costs approximately US$5 each way)
The Sacred Valley of the Incas was undoubtedly a key area of settlement to the Incas. Its agreeable climate and fertile plains make a rare and fruitful combination for the high Andes. It was also the route to the jungle and therefore an area with access to the fruits and plants of the tropical lowlands. The Sacred Valley served as a buffer zone, protecting Cusco from incursions of the Antis, the fierce jungle tribes who from time to time raided the highlands.
Today the Sacred Valley remains a lush agricultural region supplying the city of Cusco with much of its produce such as maize, fruit and vegetables.
Most people visit the Sacred Valley as part of an organized one-day tour. The tour includes a visit to the market at Pisac, a stop for lunch in Urubamba, a visit to the beautiful Inca village and fortress of Ollantaytambo and a quick stop at the quechua village of Chinchero on the way back to Cusco. Some companies also include a visit to the ruins at Pisac but you’ll have less time at the market if you do this. You’ll find plenty of tour companies in and around the Plaza de Armas in Cusco offering these tours costing between US$15 and US$20 for a pooled service (up to 30 persons in a group). This price doesn’t include your meals or entrance fees to the ruins. Entrance fees are included in the tourist ticket (’boleto turistica’) which can be purchased in Cusco for US$10 adults and US$5 students. Departures are usually on the market days of Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday. If you only have one day to visit the Sacred Valley you’ll find the convenience of the tour well worth while since the entire circuit is over 170km in length. If you want to do it in a small group you can hire a taxi for the day (approx US$60) and take a guide (approx US$60). Alternatively you can also visit the Sacred Valley on your own, travelling by local bus. It can be quite tiring to try and see Pisac, Ollantaytambo and Chinchero all in one day by local transport so we suggest visiting Pisac ruins and the market on one day and then visiting Chinchero and Ollantaytambo on another day, using Cusco as your base from which to explore.
